3. Hippocampal astrocyte and masticatory dysfunction
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Posted on 11-11-2022 02:18 PM
Animal studies have found that aged mice or rats with memory impairments have higher activity of the hpa axis 17 - 20.
Hpa axis activity is negatively associated with both spatial memory performance and the hippocampal neurogenesis. Reduced masticatory stimulation decreased the hippocampal volume and induced the memory deficits. The pyramidal cell density of the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (ca1) and ca3 regions in the molarless or bite-raised mice was significantly decreased 12 ,
Occlusal disharmony, such as loss of teeth and increases in the vertical dimension of crowns, bridges, or dentures, causes bruxism or pain in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints, and general malaise [ 30 , 31 ]. Studies in samp8 mice also show that occlusal disharmony impairs learning and memory. Using samp8 mice, we created a model of occlusal disharmony by raising the bite by approximately 0. 1 mm using dental materials, referred to as the bite-raised condition. Animals in the bite-raised condition show age-dependent deficits in spatial learning in the morris water maze [ 32 - 39 ] ( fig. https://www.facebook.com/HowDoICook https://www.facebook.com/HowDoICook
Chewing Gum: Cognitive Performance, Mood, Well-Being, and Associated Physiology
Recent evidence has indicated that chewing gum can enhance attention,
as well as promoting well-being and work performance. Four studies (two experiments and two intervention studies) examined the robustness of and mechanisms for these effects. Study 1 investigated the acute effect of gum on mood in the absence of task performance. Study 2 examined the effect of rate and force of chewing on mood and attention performance.
Study 3 assessed the effects of chewing gum during one working day on well-being and performance,
as well as postwork mood and cognitive performance. In study 4,
performance and well-being were reported throughout the workday and at the end of the day,
and heart rate and cortisol were measured.
Is chewing gum while walking as distracting as texting? are you just as likely to lose your thoughts because you’re busy chewing gum? does chewing gum make you more alert as well as more attentive to what you’re doing? what truly astonished me about a recent study published in nutritional neuroscience was that someone actually devoted their time and energy to finding an answer to these questions. What we know thus far is that chewing gum makes you much more alert but has rather variable effects on paying attention. The benefits of gum chewing are particularly impressive if you’re sleepy.
The present findings indicate that short bouts of masticatory activity improve the velocity of number retrieval and matrix scanning and increase the task-induced mydriasis, which is considered as an indicator of arousal ( bradshaw, 1967 ; bradley et al. , 2008 ). It has to be noticed that, when a hard pellet had been chewed, the improvement in performance and the increase in mydriasis, observed immediately after mastication, persisted for at least 30 min. These findings could not be attributed to a learning effect, since simple test repetition did not significantly change sensorimotor performance and mydriasis, neither to other sensory properties as the hard pellet was tasteless, odorless and colorless.